Treatment Overview
For this procedure the surgeon, often a
		  urologist, doesn't make any incisions (cuts in the
		  body). He or she first inserts a thin viewing instrument
		  (ureteroscope) into the
		  urethra (the tube that leads from the outside of the
		  body to the bladder). Then the doctor passes the ureteroscope through the
		  bladder and the
		  ureter, to get to where the
		  kidney stone is located.
See a picture of
		  ureteroscopy.
- The urologist removes the kidney stone with
			 forceps or by using an instrument with a "basket" that
			 grabs the stone. 
- Smaller stones can be removed all in one piece.
			 Larger stones may need to be broken up before they can be
			 removed.
- Several types of instruments are available to break up
			 stones. But most urologists prefer to use a laser.
The urologist can also use the ureteroscope to reach a kidney stone
		  that is stuck in the ureter just after it leaves the kidney. He or she may then
		  try to push the stone back up into the kidney. After the stone is back in the
		  kidney, the stone may be broken up using lithotripsy.
What To Expect After Treatment
Most people are able to go home
		  the same day of the procedure. But you may need to stay in the hospital. If you do,
		  the stay is usually no more than 24 to 48 hours.
For several hours after the procedure you may have a burning feeling when you urinate. This feeling should go away within a day. Drinking a lot of water can help reduce the burning. Your doctor also may recommend you take medicine to numb the burning.
You may have some blood in your urine for 2 or 3 days.
Why It Is Done
Urologists use ureteroscopy to remove stones that are stuck in the
		  ureter and are closer to the bladder than the kidney
		  (in the lower third of the ureter). But newer technology is allowing
		  ureteroscopy to be used even for small stones in or near the kidney.
How Well It Works
Ureteroscopy works for most people.
Risks
Complications are more likely when the stone is close to the kidney
		  (upper third of the ureter) and include:
What To Think About
Ureteroscopy may be more difficult, or not possible, if you have
		  had surgery on the abdomen or pelvis, an injury to the
		  ureter, or an enlarged
		  prostate. 
Complete the special treatment information form (PDF)(What is a PDF document?) to help you understand this treatment.
Credits
ByHealthwise Staff
Primary Medical ReviewerE. Gregory Thompson, MD - Internal Medicine
Adam Husney, MD - Family Medicine
Kathleen Romito, MD - Family Medicine
Specialist Medical ReviewerTushar J. Vachharajani, MD, FASN, FACP - Nephrology